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出三藏記集 Chu sanzang jiji
Engelse titel: Compilation of Notices on the Translation of the Tripitaka
Chu sanzang jiji (出三藏記集) edited by the monk Sengyou (445–518) and published around 515. The Chu sanzang jiji is the first extant scriptural catalogue (Jinglu) and incorporates in its listings an even earlier catalogue by Dao’an (312–385), the Zongli zhongjing mulu, which is now lost.
The Chu sanzang jiji consists of five principal sections:
(1) a discussion on the provenance of translated scriptures,
(2) a record of (new) titles and their listings in earlier catalogues,
(3) prefaces to scriptures,
(4) miscellaneous treatises on specific doctrines, and
(5) biographies of translators.
Sengyou’s catalogue established the principal categories into which all subsequent cataloguers would classify scriptures, including new or old translations, anonymous or variant translations, apocrypha, anonymous translations, Mahayana and Hinayana literature divided according to the three divisions of the Tripitaka, and so forth. The roster of texts includes translations of scriptures and commentaries from the Han to the Liang dynasties and compares the listings of these various translations in official scriptural catalogues in order to determine their authenticity.
Short biographies of the various translators are also provided. Sengyou also discusses indigenous Buddhist literature, such as biographical and historiographical collections, scriptural prefaces, and the catalogues themselves, in order to provide subsequent generations with guidance on how properly to transmit Buddhist literature. Sengyou’s text is as an important source for studying the early history of translation work and indigenous scriptural creation in Chinese Buddhism. (Bushwell 2014 The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism p 192)
Sengyou (僧祐) (445–518). Early Chinese Vinaya teacher and scriptural cataloguer, whose career is indicative of early Chinese Buddhism’s concerns to preserve the integrity of the dispensation and to transmit its beliefs and practices accurately. According to his biography in the Gaoseng zhuan (“Biographies of Eminent Monks”), Sengyou was born in Jianye (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu province), the capital of the Liu-Song dynasty (420–479), the first of the four short-lived southern dynasties that formed during the Six Dynasties period.
He became a monk at an early age, and studied under vinaya master Faying (416–482). Later, Sengyou himself gained a reputation as a vinaya master; the Gaoseng zhuan says that, whenever he was invited by the prince Wenxuan (406–494) of the Qi dynasty (479–502) to lecture on the vinaya, typically seven or eight hundred people would attend. (..)
In addition to his vinaya-related activities, Sengyou also tried to establish an authoritative canon of Buddhist texts by compiling the Chu sanzang Jiji, the earliest extant Buddhist scriptural catalogue (Jinglu. In his catalogue, Sengyou introduced three criteria for distinguishing an apocryphal scripture from a genuine one:
(1) the meanings and expressions found in a text were “shallow and coarse”;
(2) a text did not come from “foreign regions”;
(3) a text was not translated by a “Western guest.”
While the first criterion was a more subjective form of internal evidence, the latter two were important pieces of external evidence that all subsequent cataloguers adopted as objective standards for determining textual authenticity. Sengyou’s other extant major works include the Shijia pu (“Genealogy of Sakayamuni”), in five rolls, and the Buddhist apologetic Hongming ji (“Collection for the Propagation and Clarification [of Buddhism]”), in fourteen rolls. (Bushwell 2014 The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism p793-794)
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