Liè xiān chuán [Lieh-hsien chuan]
Engelse titel: Biographies of immortals / Biographies of Famous Immortals

auteur / toegeschreven aan: Liu Xiang

The work Liexian zhuan, probably of Later Han (25-220) date, can be regarded as the prototype of an extensive body of collected lives of immortals. In one way or another, all later works of this sort look back upon the Liexian zhuan as their ancestor and authentic nucleus. (Schipper 2004 p111)

The Liexian Zhuan, sometimes translated as Biographies of Immortals, is the oldest extant Chinese hagiography of Daoist xian "transcendents; immortals; saints; alchemists". The text, which compiles the life stories of about 70 mythological and historical xian, was traditionally attributed to the Western Han dynasty editor and imperial librarian Liu Xiang (77–8 BCE), but internal evidence dates it to the 2nd century CE during the Eastern Han period. The Liexian Zhuan became a model for later authors, such as Ge Hong's 4th century CE Shenxian zhuan ("Biographies of Divine Immortals"). (bron: wikipedia)

Kristofer Schipper geeft de volgende toelichting:
The present work is not mentioned in the Han shu, ''Yiwen zhi:' whereas the Biographies of Famous Women (Lienu zhuan) by the same author is given. According to the Sui shu) 'Jingji zhi', Liu Xiang, while editing the classics, started to write the Biographies of Famous Immortals, Famous Men, and Famous Women. The same source gives two editions of the Liexian zhuan, one in three juan, with eulogies (zan) added by Sun Chu (314-371), and another in two juan, with eulogies added by the Jin poet Guo Yuanzu. This latter version corresponds to the present work.

Yang Shoujing (1839-1915) and Yu Jiaxi (1883-1955) have pointed out that for reasons of style, place names, book titles, and so on, the present work must have been written in later Han times (A.D. 25-220), in imitation of Liu Xiang's Lienu zhuan. (Schipper 2004, p114)

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Campany, Robert Ford (2009). Making Transcendents: Ascetics and Social memory in Early Medieval China. *
ISBN13: 978-0824833336

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--- (2002). To live as long as heaven and earth: A Translation and Study of Ge Hong's traditions of Divine Transcendents. University of California Press. *
ISBN10: 0520230345

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Eskildsen, Stephen (1998). Asceticism In Early Taoist Religion. SUNY Press. *

Kaltenmark, Max (1953). Le Lie-sien tchouan: biographies légendaires des immortels taoïstes de l'antiquité.
Herdruk 1987 Collège de France

Kirkova, Zornica (2016). Roaming into the Beyond: Representations of Xian Immortality in Early Medieval Chinese Verse. *
ISBN13: 978-9004311565

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